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1型糖尿病的病因及治疗

PREFACE

 

    This volume of the Contemporary Endocrinology series focuses on type 1 diabetesmellitus, an entity whose incidence is increasing worldwide, particularly in childrenaged less than five. Affected individuals carry a life-long burden of dependence on dailyinsulin administration that provides imperfect metabolic control with significant acuteconsequences of hypoglycemia and more insidious micro- and macrovascular complicationslinked to chronic hyperglycemia. Despite intensive research, the disease remainsenigmatic. Although evidence for an autoimmune basis is compelling, not all cases oftype 1 diabetes have autoimmune markers, and not all autoimmune forms have the samegenetic basis. Nevertheless, as recently demonstrated in the parenteral arm of the DiabetesPrevention Trial-1 (DPT-1), a combination of immune markers and consistentlydiminished first-phase insulin response to glucose can reliably predict the likelihood ofdeveloping clinical diabetes. However, current intervention with parenteral insulin is noteffective in preventing progression at this stage. A reliably effective intervention wouldspur population-wide surveys for at-risk individuals, now a practical possibility. Cure bytransplantation of the pancreas or islets is showing great promise as better means becomeavailable to modulate immunity and prevent rejection.
 
    In parallel with these wide-ranging and fundamental basic and clinical investigations,there is an ongoing transfer of technological innovations in designer insulins, insulindelivery systems, and the monitoring of glucose. These innovations permit refinementin managing diabetes mellitus under various circumstances, all aimed at improving thequality of life and preventing or delaying vascular complications.
 
    The aim of Type 1 Diabetes: Etiology and Treatment is to fuse these contemporaryinvestigational and practical issues and make them available to those involved in theresearch and practice of type 1 diabetes. This volume is not intended to be a comprehensiveor exhaustive treatise on the subject of diabetes. As in many such endeavors, thepace of discovery often exceeds the ability to incorporate the latest knowledge intoprinted text. Nevertheless, we believe that this volume presents contemporary informationon contemporary issues by recognized authorities in the field. We hope it stimulatesthought and action in the research and care of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
 
    Mark A. Sperling, MD
 
CONTENTS
 
Preface
 
Contributors
 
I. ETIOLOGY
 
1 Epidemiology of Type 1 Diabetes
 
Janice S. Dorman, Ronald E. LaPorte, and Thomas J. Songer 
 
2 Genetics of Type 1 Diabetes
Massimo Pietropaolo and Massimo Trucco
 
3 Prediction and Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes
Aristides K. Maniatis and George S. Eisenbarth 
 
4 Molecular Biology of β-Cell Destruction
by Autoimmune Processes
Ake Lernmark and Choon Hee Chung
 
5 Type 1 Diabetes in Autoimmune Syndromes
Tiinamaija Tuomi and Jaakko Perheentupa
 
6 The Metabolic Basis of Insulin Secretion
Nicolai M. Doliba and Franz M. Matschinsky
 
7 Prevention and Correction of Hypoglycemia: Relevance
to Type 1 Diabetes
Philip E. Cryer
 
8 Nonautoimmune Forms of Diabetes: Neonatal Diabetes,
DIDMOAD–Wolfram Syndrome, and Related Syndromes
Timothy G. Barrett
 
II. TREATMENT OF TYPE 1 DIABETES
 
9 Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Ram K. Menon and Mark A. Sperling
 
10 Insulin Regimens for Type 1 Diabetes
Baiju R. Shah and Bernard Zinman 
 
11 Relationship Between Metabolic Control and Complications
in Diabetes: Therapeutic Implications of the Diabetes
Control and Complications Trial
Saul Genuth
 
12 Open- and Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery Systems
and Glucose Sensors
John C. Pickup
 
13 Living with Diabetes: Educating the Patient and Family
with Type 1 Diabetes
Jean Betschart Roemer and Linda Siminerio
 
14 Nutritional Management in Type 1 Diabetes
Christine A. Beebe
 
III. SPECIAL MANAGEMENT ISSUES IN TYPE 1 DIABETES
 
15 Special Problems and Management of the Child
Less Than 5 Years of Age
Nadia Tubiana-Rufi and Paul Czernichow 
 
16 The Preadolescent Child with Type 1 Diabetes
William V. Tamborlane, Elizabeth A. Boland,
and Margaret Grey 
 
17 The Adolescent with Type 1 Diabetes
George A. Werther, Fergus J. Cameron,
and John M. Court
 
18 Hypoglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes
Stephanie A. Amiel and Krystyna Matyka
 
19 Pregnancy and Type 1 Diabetes
Erica M. Sommermann, Erin K. Van Meter,
and Lois Jovanovic
 
20 Surgery for the Patient with Type 1 Diabetes
Adrian Vella and Robert A. Rizza 
 
IV. LONG-TERM COMPLICATIONS OF TYPE 1 DIABETES
 
21 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Diabetic Complications
Kenya Sakamoto and Michael Brownlee
 
22 The Eye: Diabetic Retinopathy/Ophthalmopathy
David Kent and Peter A. Campochiaro 
 
23 The Kidney: Diabetic Nephropathy
Abhay Vats and Frederick DeRubertis
 
24 Diabetic Peripheral and Autonomic Neuropathy
Eva L. Feldman, Martin J. Stevens, and James W. Russell 
 
25 The Diabetic Foot
David L. Steed
 
26 Atherosclerosis in Type 1 Diabetes
Wael Emad Eid, Siripoom McKay, Finnbogi Karlsson,
and Alan J. Garber
 
27 Cutaneous Complications of Type 1 Diabetes
Jean L. Bolognia and Irwin M. Braverman 
 
28 Infection and Diabetes
Nirmal Joshi 
 
29 Pancreas Transplantation
R. Paul Robertson 
 
30 Islet Transplantation
Thierry Berney, Norma Sue Kenyon, Rodolfo Alejandro,
Luca Inverardi, Daniel H. Mintz, and Camillo Ricordi 
 
31 β-Cell Replacement Therapy for Type 1 Diabetes
Shimon Efrat
 
32 Islet Growth Factors
Rupangi C. Vasavada, Adolfo Garcia-Ocaña, Karen K. Takane,
Ana Cebrian, Juan Carlos Lopez-Talavera,
and Andrew F. Stewart 
 
Index
 
 
 
 
 
 
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